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A tort is a civil wrong, other than a breach of contract, that causes harm or loss to an individual and results in legal liability for the person who committed the act. The primary purpose of tort law is to provide compensation to the injured party for their damages and to deter others from engaging in similar harmful conduct.

Torts are generally divided into three categories. Intentional torts occur when someone purposefully causes harm, such as assault or trespass. Negligence involves a failure to exercise reasonable care, leading to accidental injury, which is common in car accidents and medical malpractice cases. Strict liability applies when a party is held responsible for damages regardless of fault or intent, often involving inherently dangerous activities or defective products.

Unlike criminal law, which punishes offenses against society, tort law focuses on private disputes, allowing victims to seek financial remedies through civil litigation.